Как грамотно сделать dual-boot (Windows 10 + Ubuntu) с общим диском (D: + /home)?
Есть ноут с SSD, соответственно места мало и хочется быть эффективным при разметке.
Но на ноуте нужен dual-boot, так как единственная рабочая машина, а бывает нужно и фотки обработать и игры поиграть (Win) и программы пописать (Linux) и в производительности при этом не потерять, так как и то и другое затратно, то есть виртуалки не особо подходят.
Хочется что то типа такого:
раздел 1 = C:/ (Win only, NTFS)
раздел 2 = / он же root (Ubuntu only, EXT4)
раздел 3 = что то объединяющее /home, D:\ и C:\user\admin\
Как лучше сделать? какую FS выбрать? Как монтировать или биндить?
NTFS из линукса часто плохо монтируется или после некорректного завершения винды может быть доступен только в RO. И стоит ли маунтить при загрузке сразу в home или после загрузки лучше забиндить /media/windisk в /home?
Эксперименты с ext2Fsd успехом не увенчались, ext4 хоть и заявлен, но не подключается, на форумах многие пишут, что и ext2 в RO только доступен. Другие проги типа diskinternals linux reader вообще не вариант, ибо только RO и только через отдельное приложение, а нужно на уровне системы чтобы все было прозрачно.
Какие еще варианты? Или как сделать что-то из перечисленного работоспособным?
раздел 3 = что то объединяющее /home, D:\ и C:\user\admin\
C:\users\*** строго NTFS, не только по тому что «C:\» — папки профилей, без креша, залинковать невозможно. а подпапки уже можно. я как раз активно этим пользуюсь для доков, картинок и даже для папок *\AppData\Local\* или *\AppData\Roaming\* с навороченным тюнингом любимого софта (не любой софт поднимает Local после перезаливки системы, но и не любому нужно. Roaming изначально заточен под переносимость, но опять таки не всегда это нужно)
/home строго линуксовая ФС, то есть проще вообще не выделять отдельным разделом и использовать дефолтную EXT4
делайте 3й раздел на NTFS как «D:\» для винды, и как.. допустим «/heap» для линукса, после чего осваивайте junk/sym/hard-линки. в общем случае в иксах симлинки, в винде в основном junk (очень просто и удобно делать в Far и mc соответсвенно) хардлинки следует использовать, когда хорошо понимаете чем они отличаются
но есть вещи которые так работать не будут — если файл виртуального диска VMWare/VBox машины, из под линукса, разместить на разделе NTFS.. будет грустно ))) . (upd мысли в слух.. разве что.. предварительно размеченный и дефрагментированный файл. тогда даже хардлинком.. . не обращайте внимания. все равно NTFS-3G априори будет тупее EXT4 в иксах! )))
ps если «линковка» вас смущает — плюньте на нее! )).. для примера — у меня более одной версии винды в загрузке ))). при этом в профилях — доки, картинки, музыка, видео.. а так же папки настроек избранных программ — общие ))).. такой эффект легко достигается именно линковкой. когда одна винда и один линукс — начните просто с общего раздела на NTFS. остальное подтянется по мере набивания руки
Из личного опыта, как я это делал в свое время.
1. Загрузчики 2-х систем лучше ставить на один диск, и лучше всего для этого будет ссд.
2. Первым делом, надо устанавливать винду (особенно если используется UEFI), это потому, что винда очень привередлива, и если установщик линукса что-то не так запишет в раздел загрузчика, или еще что-то, то винду вы уже не сможете запустить.
3. Зависимо от объема диска для загрузчиков ОС, делите его с зазором на будущее, как по мне, для винды надо 65-100Гб, а для линукса 40-70Гб. Это уже от ваших потребностей зависит.
4. У видне, с помощью утилиты управления дисками, выбираете свой вторичный диск, и решаете, как вы будете его шарить. Если он будет один общий, то можете просто его отформатировать у NTFS, и все, в линуксе вы сможете его без проблем примонтировать (если при перезагрузке винды сразу зайдете в линукс, иначе у вас будут права только для чтения). А если хотите сделать два отдельные раздела для обеих систем, то у видне, с помощью утилиты управления дисками, делите этот диск на две части, и одну из них, та, которая для винды — форматируете у NTFS, другую оставляете как неиспользуемое пространство. Это пространство вам уже надо будет форматировать и примонтировать в самом линуксе.
Совет: если вы не сис. администратор, и вы не будете использовать возможности нескольких разделов на диске, я бы советовал вам установить линукс автоматически, без ручной разметки самого этого диска. Там все грамотно продумано, есть опция поставить «рядом с виндой», не стоит пренебрегать отличным предложением обойтись без лишнего сношения извилин головного мозга.
использование ntfs через ядерный ntfs-3g мне кажется лучше будет.
винду лучше не трогать, рассыплется еще поди.
в хомяке много всякого мусора валяется. я бы софтлинками просто необходимый папки из бардака бы прокинул.
т.е ln -s /media/windisk/video /home/my/video
How To Install Ubuntu Alongside Windows 10
Brief: This detailed article shows you how to dual boot Ubuntu with Windows 10, step-by-step, accompanied with proper screenshots.
Previously I had written about dual booting Ubuntu Linux with Windows 7 and 8, but those tutorials did not cover systems that come with Windows 10 pre-installed. The newer systems that come with Windows 8 or Windows 8.1, have UEFI instead of BIOS. This makes thing a little different from the conventional way of dual booting.
In this tutorial, we shall see how to install Ubuntu with Windows 10 already installed.
This tutorial is performed on a newly bought Dell Inspiron 7437 that has Core i7 fourth generation processor, 256 GB SSD, 8 GB RAM and built in 1 GB Intel graphics. I’ll cover all the steps you need to do in order to successfully dual boot Linux with Windows 10 UEFI. If you have already done some of these steps, just skip to the next one. If you have a fresh system, even better.
The steps mentioned here are applicable to other Ubuntu based Linux distributions such as Linux Mint, Elementary OS etc. Cutting the chit-chat, let’s see how to dual boot Linux on a UEFI secure boot enabled Windows 10 system.
Dual boot Ubuntu with Windows 10 and Windows 8.1:
Though I have used Ubuntu 14.04 here, it is applicable to all versions of Ubuntu, be it Ubuntu 15.10 or Ubuntu 16.04. There are various prerequisites to install Ubuntu on a UEFI system. I’ll list them for easier read here:
- Ubuntu ISO burned to a USB or DVD (we’ll see it)
- Windows backup (optional)
- Windows 10 bootable USB (optional yet recommended as it will save your day if anything goes wrong)
Let’s see the steps of installing Ubuntu along side Windows 10.
Step 1: Make a backup [optional]
It is always nice to make a back up, just in case if you mess up with the system. There are numerous articles on the web to show you how to backup your system. You can follow this tutorial here.
Step 2: Create a live USB/disk of Ubuntu
The next thing you need to do is to create a live USB or disk. I recommend Universal USB Installer to create a live USB of Linux OS in Windows.
Step 3: Make a partition where Ubuntu will be installed
Assuming tat you have a fresh system, the first thing we need to do is to make a partition to install Linux. The 256 GB in my system was already had several partitions from manufacturer but mainly for backup and other purposes. Main partition was C drive, of around 220 GB, where Windows 8.1 was installed.
If you have just one partition like this, you need to make some free space out of it for Linux. If you have several partitions of considerable size, use any of them except C drive because it may erase the data.
To make a partition in Windows 8, go to Disk Management tool. You can find disk management tool by searching for ‘disk’ in Control Panel.
In the Disk Management tool, right click on the drive which you want to partition and select shrink volume. In my case, I shrank the C drive to make some free space:
You can leave the free space as it is. We shall use it while installing Ubuntu.
Step 4: Disable fast startup in Windows [optional]
Windows 8 introduced a new feature called “fast startup” for quick boot. While it is not mandatory, it would be better to have it disabled.
Go to Control Panel > Hardware and Sound > Power Options > System Settings > Choose what the power buttons do and uncheck the Turn on fast startup box.
Step 5: Disable secureboot in Windows 10 and 8.1
This is the most important step. The new secure boot feature of Windows 8, originally intended for security feature for rootkit viruses, prevents dual booting of Windows with Linux. To dual boot Windows 8 with Linux, we must disable secure boot in UEFI.
Step 6: Installing Ubuntu along with Windows 10, 8.1
Once you have disabled secure boot, it’s time to install Ubuntu. I hope you already created the live USB as mentioned in step 2. Plug in the USB and boot the system from it.
To boot from USB, will have to choose boot from USB option from within Windows itself. Either with PC Setting (like for UEFI) or pressing shift key while clicking on Restart.
Once you have booted in the live USB, you will be presented with option to try or install Ubuntu. Click on install. You will be presented with few screen options to choose the language. It will then do some checks on available space, power and internet connection etc. Just click on Continue.
The main screen which you should pay attention to is Installation Type. Choose Something else here:
Remember we had created some free space beforehand? We shall use the free space to create Root, Swap and Home. Select the free space and click on the + sign.
It will provide you with option to create Linux partition. We are creating the Root partition. Any thing above 20 GB is more than sufficient for it. Choose the size, select Ext 4 as file type and / (means root) as the mount point.
Clicking on OK in previous step will bring you to the partition screen. Next we will create swap. Like previously, click on the + sign again. This time use the file type as Swap area. Suggestible swap size is double of RAM.
In similar fashion, create a Home partition. Allocate it maximum space (in fact allocate it rest of the free space) because this is where you’ll save music, pictures and downloaded files.
Once you are ready with Root, Swap and Home, click on Install Now:
Well, you have almost won the battle. You can smell victory now. Next you will be asked to set username password etc. Basically, you just need to click next now.
Once the installation is completed, restart the computer, you should be welcomed by a purple grub screen. Enjoy Ubuntu along with Windows 10 in dual boot mode.
Note: If after installing Ubuntu, you boot directly in Windows, check in UEFI settings for changing the boot order.
I hope this guide helped you to dual boot Ubuntu with Windows 10 UEFI. If you want to reverse the process, follow this guide to remove Ubuntu from dual boot with Windows. Though this article is written for Ubuntu, it should be helpful for other Linux OS as well. Any questions or suggestions are always welcomed.
Like what you read? Please share it with others.
How to Install Ubuntu Alongside With Windows 10 or 8 in Dual-Boot
This tutorial will guide you on how you can perform the installation of Ubuntu 20.04, Ubuntu 19.04, Ubuntu 18.10, or Ubuntu 18.04 in dual-boot with a Microsoft Operating System on machines that come pre-installed with Windows 10.
This guide assumes that your machine comes pre-installed with Windows 10 OS or an older version of Microsoft Windows, such as Windows 8.1 or 8.
In case your hardware uses UEFI then you should modify the EFI settings and disable Secure Boot feature.
If your computer has no other Operating System already installed and you plan to use a Windows variant alongside Ubuntu, you should first install Microsoft Windows and then proceed with Ubuntu installation.
In this particular case, on Windows installation steps, when formatting the hard disk, you should allocate a free space on the disk with at least 20 GB in size in order to use it later as a partition for Ubuntu installation.
Requirements
Download Ubuntu ISO Image as per your system architecture using the following link:
Step 1: Prepare Windows Machine for Dual-Boot
1. The first thing you need to take care of is to create free space on the computer hard disk in case the system is installed on a single partition.
Log in to your Windows machine with an administrative account and right-click on the Start Menu -> Command Prompt (Admin) in order to enter Windows Command-Line.
Preparing Windows for Dual Boot with Ubuntu
2. Once in CLI, type diskmgmt.msc on prompt and the Disk Management utility should open. From here, right-click on C: the partition and select Shrink Volume in order to resize the partition.
Shrink Volume to Resize Windows Partition
3. On Shrink C: enter a value on space to shrink in MB (use at least 20000 MB depending on the C: partition size) and hit Shrink to start partition resize as illustrated below (the value of space shrink from below image is lower and only used for demonstration purposes).
Once space has been resized you will see a new unallocated space on the hard drive. Leave it as default and reboot the computer in order to proceed with the Ubuntu installation.
Create Windows Partition for Ubuntu Installation Windows Partition for Dual Boot Ubuntu Installation
Step 2: Install Ubuntu with Windows Dual-Boot
4. For the purpose of this article, We will be installing Ubuntu 19.04 alongside with Windows dual boot (you can use any Ubuntu release for installation). Go the download link from the topic description and grab Ubuntu Desktop 19.04 ISO image.
Burn the image to a DVD or create a bootable USB stick using a utility such as Universal USB Installer (BIOS compatible) or Rufus (UEFI compatible).
Place the USB stick or DVD in the appropriate drive, reboot the machine and instruct the BIOS/UEFI to boot-up from the DVD/USB by pressing a special function key (usually F12, F10 or F2 depending on the vendor specifications).
Once the media boot-up a new grub screen should appear on your monitor. From the menu select Install Ubuntu and hit Enter to continue.
Ubuntu Boot Screen
5. After the boot media finishes loading into RAM you will end-up with a completely functional Ubuntu system running in live-mode.
On the Launcher hit on the second icon from top, Install Ubuntu 19.04 LTS, and the installer utility will start. Choose the language you wish to perform the installation and click on the Continue button to proceed further.
Select Ubuntu Installation Language
6. Next, choose the first option “Normal Installation” and hit on the Continue button again.
Select Ubuntu Normal Installation
7. Now it’s time to select an Installation Type. You can choose to Install Ubuntu alongside Windows Boot Manager, an option that will automatically take care of all the partition steps.
Use this option if you don’t require a personalized partition scheme. In case you want a custom partition layout, check the Something else option and hit on the Continue button to proceed further.
The option Erase disk and install Ubuntu should be avoided on dual-boot because is potentially dangerous and will wipe out your disk.
Select Ubuntu Installation Type
8. On this step, we’ll create our custom partition layout for Ubuntu. This guide will recommend that you create two partitions, one for root and the other for home accounts data and no partition for swap (use a swap partition only if you have limited RAM resources or you use a fast SSD).
To create the first partition, the root partition, select the free space (the shrinking space from Windows created earlier) and hit on the + icon below. On partition settings use the following configurations and hit OK to apply changes:
- Size = at least 20000 MB
- Type for the new partition = Primary
- Location for the new partition = Beginning
- Use as = EXT4 journaling file system
- Mount point = /
Create Ubuntu Root Partition Root Partition Settings
Create the home partition using the same steps as above. Use all the available free space left for the home partition size. The partition settings should look like this:
- Size = all remaining free space
- Type for the new partition = Primary
- Location for the new partition = Beginning
- Use as = EXT4 journaling file system
- Mount point = /home
Create Home Partition
9. When finished, hit the Install Now button in order to apply changes to disk and start the installation process.
A pop-up window should appear to inform you about swap space. Ignore the alert by pressing on the Continue button.
Next, a new pop-up window will ask you if you agree with committing changes to disk. Hit Continue to write changes to disk and the installation process will now start.
Confirm Partition Changes
10. On the next screen adjust your machine physical location by selecting a city nearby from the map. When done hit Continue to move ahead.
Select City Location
11. Pick up a username and password for your administrative sudo account, enter a descriptive name for your computer and hit Continue to finalize the installation.
These are all the settings required for customizing the Ubuntu installation. From here on the installation process will run automatically until it reaches the end.
Create Ubuntu User Account Ubuntu Installation Process
12. After the installation process reaches its end hit on the Restart Now button in order to complete the installation.
The machine will reboot into the Grub menu, where for ten seconds, you will be presented to choose what OS you wish to use further: Ubuntu 19.04 or Microsoft Windows.
Ubuntu is designated as default OS to boot from. Thus, just press Enter key or wait for those 10 seconds timeout to drain.
Ubuntu Installation Completed Ubuntu Windows Dual Boot Grub Menu
13. After Ubuntu finishes loading, login with the credentials created during the installation process, and enjoy it. Ubuntu provides NTFS file system support automatically so you can access the files from Windows partitions just by clicking on the Windows volume.
Ubuntu Login Screen Access Windows Partition from Ubuntu
That’s it! In case you need to switch back to Windows, just reboot the computer and select Windows from the Grub menu.
If you want to install some additional software packages and customize Ubuntu, then read our article Top 20 Things to Do After Ubuntu Installation.
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